Journal of Gandhara Nursing and Allied Health Sciences

Relationship between Sleep Quality and Academic Performance among Nursing Students of Swat

Ashfaq Ahmad — 2024-03-01

OBJECTIVES

This study aims to explore the relationship between academic achievements and sleep quality in nursing students.

METHODOLOGY

This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted across five distinguished nursing colleges in Swat, a sample size of 161 nursing students was purposefully selected using a convenience sampling approach. Data collection encompassed a triad of instruments, commencing with an initial set of socio-demographic inquiries. Subsequently, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was employed for a comprehensive assessment of sleep patterns, and the Academic Performance Scale (APS) was utilized to measure and document the academic proficiency of the participating students.

RESULTS

The study revealed that out of total, a nearly half were female 51.6%) with 3rd-year students leading at 40.4%, followed by 1st and 2nd years at 20.5% each, and 4th year at 18.6%. Almost half (48%) reported sleeping 6-7 hours nightly, 25.5% claimed 5-6 hours, and 10.6% slept under 5 hours. Most (45.3%) took 31-60 minutes to drift off. Importantly, better sleep quality was positively linked with academic performance, evidenced by a Pearson correlation test of r=0.508, p<0.05.

CONCLUSION

Conclusively, students with a PSQI score above 5, signifying subpar sleep quality, showcased diminished academic results. A restful sleep is pivotal for nursing students, not just for daily rejuvenation, but also for optimized learning and retention. It’s imperative for both students and educators to recognize the academic repercussions of sleep deprivation and actively promote healthier sleep habits for enhanced academic outcomes.

Nurses’ Knowledge Regarding Administration and Regulation of High Alert Medications

Saddam Hussain — 2024-03-01

OBJECTIVES

This study aimed to determine the knowledge of nurse personnel related to administration and regulation of high alert medicines.

METHODOLOGY

A cross sectional study design was used. Non-probability convenient sampling technique was used to select study participants and standardized and structured questionnaire adopted related to high alert medications administration and regulation was used for data collection.

RESULTS

Two hundred and three (203) nurses participated in this study, among which the maximum number (57.1%) nurses’ education level was Post RN. The data was organized and analyzed through SPSS. The mean scores of High alert drugs administration and regulation were 5.4 ±2.4 and 5.6 ±2.35 respectively. Study findings showed that 70% of nurses had unsatisfactory level of knowledge while 30% had satisfactory level of knowledge.

CONCLUSION

Study findings reveals that nurses need knowledge and advanced training to update their pharmacology knowledge. It also highlighted the significance of appropriate awareness regarding perilous drug handling and administration will prevent the potential medication administration error with quantifiable returns of patient’s health along with organization’ image and efficiency.

Frequency and Factors of Mortality Due to Diarrhea Under 5 Years Child at Hayatabad Medical Complex Peshawar

Zeeshan Ahmad — 2024-03-01

OBJECTIVES

To determine the mortality rate due to diarrhoea in children under 5 years at Hayatabad Medical Complex Peshawar.

METHODOLOGY

A cross-sectional study was conducted in Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar. The duration of the study was six months. Data was collected from 100 patients using a convenient sampling technique and then calculated using Raosoft software. The study was conducted for a time duration of 6 months. Only patients under 5 years of age admitted for more than 12 hours were examined, and patients with any comorbidity were excluded The data was analysed using SPSS.

RESULTS

Diarrhoea was prevalent in approximately 69% of cases. Risk factors included a higher proportion of literate individuals (72%) compared to illiterate (28%) for maternal education, and a majority (87%) earning less than 20,000 for household income. Breastfeeding was predominant (51%), but only 17% consistently washed hands before feeding. However, 85% washed hands after using the toilet, mostly with plain water (52%). Family systems were divided between joint (58%) and nuclear (42%), and immunization status was nearly equal, with 46% immunized and 54% not fully immunized. Boring water (65%) was the primary water source, outnumbering piped water (35%). These findings highlight the complex factors contributing to diarrhoea, suggesting targeted interventions for improved hygiene and healthcare access among vulnerable populations.

CONCLUSION

The diarrhoea was common among under 5 years of children with poor hygiene conditions are the key factors of it.

Prevalence of Low Self-Esteem among Undergraduate Nursing Students of Public And Private Sector Colleges of Swat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

Yaser Uddin — 2024-03-01

OBJECTIVES

To find out the level of self-esteem and factors that influence the self-esteem of nursing students.

METHODOLOGY

Using a descriptive methodology, our study utilized non-purposive sampling to select participants. We engaged 218 B.Sc. nursing students from different colleges. The distribution was: 46 from the 1st year, 72 from the 2nd year, 90 from the 3rd year, and 10 from the 4th year. The survey had two parts: Section A covered socio-demographic details, and Section B employed the Rosenberg Self-Esteem questionnaire, administered to those who agreed to participate.

RESULTS

Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to examine the data. According to the findings, 69.7% males and 30.3% were females. The results show that most of nursing students (89%) have normal self-esteem, while 9.2% have high and 1.8% have low self-esteem. Females have higher self-esteem (21.2%) than males (3.9%). Nuclear families have more high self-esteem (15.2%) than joint or other families. Upon comparing students’ self-esteem with socio-demographic factors using the chi-square test (p=0.05), a notable association emerged with family type and gender.

CONCLUSION

Our study shows most students have balanced self-esteem. Interestingly, female students and those from nuclear families typically display higher self-esteem than male students or those from varied family backgrounds. This highlights the influence of gender and family structure on nursing students self-esteem.

Prevalence of Traumatic Brain Injury in Multiple Trauma Evaluations at the Emergency Department of Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar

Syed Ishtiaq — 2024-03-01

OBJECTIVES

The study aimed to determine the prevalence of traumatic brain injury resulting from multiple trauma cases presented at the Emergency Department of Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar.

METHODOLOGY

A prospective study was conducted over six months, from January-May 2022. The study included 580 patients with both major and minor traumas who sought medical attention at the facility. A thorough neurological and systemic assessment, including the Glasgow Coma Score (GCS), was conducted. Neuroimaging, along with other essential system imaging, was performed to aid diagnosis. Diagnosis of traumatic brain injury was based on clinical signs, symptoms, physical examination findings, and special investigations such as X-ray, CT brain, and MRI scans. The collected data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23 to determine the prevalence and characteristics of traumatic brain injury among the study participants.

RESULTS

During the study period, a total of 580 patients visited the accident and emergency department of Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar. All 580 individuals were eligible for a CT scan of the brain. Among these patients, 455 (78%) had normal CT scans. Traumatic brain injuries were identified in the following proportions: brain contusion in 14.1% of cases, subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) in 7.1%, acute subdural hematoma (SDH) in 7.6%, extradural hematoma (EDH) in 5.8%, and depressed skull fracture in 4.6%. Additionally, pneumocephalus was observed in 5.1% of CT images.

CONCLUSION

The findings highlight the importance of prompt and thorough evaluation, including CT scans, in the management of such cases to ensure timely and appropriate interventions.

Bombardment of Mysterious Environmental Factors in Overpopulated Cities Of Pakistan: Unveiling Hidden Influences and Associated Diseases

Abdul Hafeez Kandhro — 2024-03-01

Megacities in Pakistan, including Karachi, Hyderabad, Peshawar, Lahore, the twin cities Islamabad and Rawalpindi, Faisalabad, Gujranwala, Multan, and Quetta, are grappling with substantial pollution challenges, posing diverse threats to human health. Megacities exhibit considerable cultural, socioeconomic, and racial diversity alongside environmental variations. A notable trend among many megacity dwellers involves adopting more Western diets such as (fast foods, burgers, and pizza), as well as embracing sedentary lifestyles. These factors contribute to higher body-mass indices (BMIs) and a rise in obesity and diabetes cases.¹ Pollution is characterized as the detrimental modification of the environment caused by human actions. It can be categorized into three primary types: air, water, and land pollution.² Research findings may be impacted by wet deposition, a phenomenon in which precipitation causes coarse particulate matter (PM) to settle on the ground during rain.³ This pollution may include ozone, fine particulate matter (PM) with a diameter of less than 2.5 μm (PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide, and sulfur dioxide. Approximately 92% of the global population is subjected to concentrations of PM2.5 that exceed recommended levels, leading to 3 million premature deaths annually. The majority of PM can have bad effects on the respiratory system, like asthma attacks. Ozone might prompt more continuous events of asthma assaults, trouble breathing, irritation of lung illnesses, and enduring harm to the lungs over delayed times of openness to it. High concentrations of ozone have been associated with increased rates of hospitalizations, trauma centre visits, and even fatalities.¹

Another aspect is that increased heat indexes are signs of a climate disaster in our country. The heat island effect, caused by elevated temperatures, has a detrimental impact on human health. It contributes to an increased vulnerability to heat-related illnesses such as heat stroke, dehydration, as well as respiratory and cardiovascular diseases.¹ Recently, Pakistani specialists have shut schools and markets in Lahore and conveyed counterfeit downpours in the midst of developing alerts over deteriorating levels of air contamination. Lahore ranked top dirtied city as per Swiss innovation organization IQAir.⁴ Lahore’s 11 million occupants might be losing over seven years in a normal future because of unfortunate air quality, as per a College of Chicago gauge.⁵ As of 2022, Cloud seeding technology has been utilized in 56 countries, The US, China, UAE and India have active cloud seeding programs.⁶ A fruitful trial was finished in Lahore as of late December 2023, thus downpour was detailed across enormous pieces of Lahore, and air contamination levels briefly dropped. Although this technique’s effectiveness remains uncertain and research has shown limited impact on a larger scale; using cloud seeding can increase rainfall and snowfall with benefits for specific regions or prevent future days where there may be inadequate rain/snowfall. The most notable engineered materials used for cloud development integrate silver iodide, potassium iodide, and dry (serious areas of strength for ice dioxide). Liquid propane, which wanders into gas, has also been used. This can convey ice-valuable stones at higher temperatures than silver iodide. This can deliver ice precious stones at higher temperatures than silver iodide. Hygroscopic materials like table salt are growing in popularity following promising research.⁷

Despite the advantages and effectiveness of these techniques, there are many disadvantages as well, such as serious alterations of natural conditions, and urban flooding, due to chemical-based methods being expensive, causing water & and soil pollution, reducing air quality, and potentially resulting in harmful acid rain. Additionally, there may be a lack of precipitation in some areas and local floods that are difficult to control due to the true effects of this method, among other things. A lot of information is expected to involve this idea legitimately. Cloud cultivation may cause more harm than good. The effectiveness of cloud cultivation is somewhat problematic. Cloud seeding’s long-term effects are still somewhat hazy. Cloud seeding has been the focal point of numerous hypotheses, with beliefs that state-run administrations control the weather conditions to manage different circumstances during Activity Popeye, including a worldwide temperature alteration, populaces, military weapons testing, general well-being, and flooding. A single planet isn’t sufficient to help our lifestyle since environments can’t address the issues of the human species. The possibility of an Earth-wide temperature boost surpassing a 1.5°C expansion in the following 20 years is high. Air contamination is liable for around 7 million unexpected losses consistently. The majority of people worldwide inhale contaminated air. Fortunately, nature can recover. While some ecosystems have been destroyed, we are still able to restore and repair other ecosystems. It is about time for a serious and decided approach.