Factors Associated with Traumatic Brain Injury in Patients Presenting to Intensive Care Unit of Hayatabad Medical Complex Peshawar, Pakistan
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37762/jgnahs.144Keywords:
Traumatic Brain Injury, Glasgow Coma Scale, Extradural Hematoma, Computed TomographyAbstract
OBJECTIVES
This study aimed to investigate the correlation between falls, motor vehicle accidents, and sports-related injuries with occurrences of traumatic brain injury. Additionally, the research aimed to examine the relationships among age, gender, and occupational factors in traumatic brain injury.
METHODOLOGY
A cross-sectional study was conducted in the intensive care unit of Hayatabad Medical Complex in Peshawar. A purposive sampling technique, accompanied by a structured questionnaire, was employed to collect data. The Chi-square test was applied with the type of group (CT scan findings of TBI) as the outcome variable, while all other independent variables were considered. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 22.
RESULTS
Most patients with extradural hematoma were male (29, 24.6%, p-value 0.59), primarily aged 15-29, with 16 (33.3%, p-value 0.09) identified as students. Notably, road traffic accidents affected 21 patients (30.4%, p-value 0.03), mainly in the frontal brain area. Vital signs showed 21 patients (28.0%, p-value 0.88) with low blood pressure and 25 (36.8%, p-value 0.08) with low respiratory rates. Most had a GCS score below 8 (25 patients, 30.9%, p-value 0.20), with many (44 patients, 32.6%, p-value 0.007) having reactive pupils and no prior alcohol use. Additionally, 45 patients (27.3%, p-value 0.02) were not wearing protective gear, 40 (31.3%, p-value 0.17) reported headaches and dizziness, 27 patients (42.9%, p-value 0.10) took over 90 minutes to seek care, and 33 patients with multiple findings (35.9%, p-value 0.009) required invasive ventilation.
CONCLUSION
TBI was common in males who had a history of road traffic accidents and their CT scan finding shows most of the patients had extradural Hematoma with severe traumatic brain injury.
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